What Are the Common Health Problems in Guinea Pigs?

Guinea pigs are social and affectionate pets, but like all animals, they are prone to certain health problems. Understanding these issues is important for ensuring a long, healthy life for your furry friends. In this guide, we’ll cover the most common health problems in guinea pigs, their symptoms, prevention tips, and when to seek veterinary care.

1. Dental Problems

Dental issues are among the most frequent health concerns in guinea pigs. Guinea pigs’ teeth grow continuously throughout their lives. Overgrown teeth can cause serious issues like pain, difficulty eating, and weight loss.

Common symptoms of dental problems include:

•Drooling or wet fur around the mouth.

•Difficulty chewing or eating slowly.

•Weight loss.

•Preference for softer foods.

To prevent dental issues, provide unlimited access to hay. Hay helps to naturally wear down their teeth. If dental problems develop, a vet may need to trim the teeth.

2. Respiratory Infections

Guinea pigs are highly susceptible to respiratory infections. These infections often occur due to poor hygiene, sudden temperature changes, or exposure to drafts.

Signs of respiratory infections include:

•Sneezing and coughing.

•Discharge from the eyes or nose.

•Laboured breathing.

•Lethargy or lack of appetite.

 

Prevent infections by maintaining a clean cage, ensuring proper ventilation ( solid cage panels are not recommended for this reason ), and avoiding temperature extremes. If your guinea pig shows symptoms, consult a vet immediately, as untreated infections can worsen quickly.

3. Vitamin C Deficiency (Scurvy)

Guinea pigs cannot produce their own vitamin C, so they rely entirely on their diet to meet this need. Without sufficient vitamin C, they can develop scurvy, a condition that weakens their immune system and causes other health issues.

Symptoms of vitamin C deficiency include:

•Swollen joints and difficulty moving.

•Lethargy and weakness.

•Loss of appetite.

•Rough or dull coat.

 

To prevent scurvy, provide guinea pigs with fresh vegetables like bell peppers which are high in vitamin C. You can also use vitamin C supplements, but consult your vet for proper dosage.

 

4. Parasites

Guinea pigs are susceptible to external parasites such as mites, lice, and fleas. These can cause discomfort and lead to more severe skin issues if untreated.

Symptoms of parasitic infestations include:

•Intense scratching or hair loss.

•Scabs or red patches on the skin.

•Restlessness and irritability.

 

Regularly inspect your guinea pig’s fur and bedding for signs of parasites. Wash and replace bedding frequently, and consider using vet-recommended parasite treatments when needed.

 

5. Bladder Stones and Urinary Issues

Bladder stones, also known as uroliths, are a common problem in guinea pigs. These stones form in the urinary tract and can cause severe pain and difficulty urinating.

Common signs of bladder stones include:

•Straining to urinate or blood in the urine.

•Hunched posture or signs of pain.

•Reduced appetite.

 

To prevent bladder stones, ensure your guinea pig’s diet mainly has low-calcium vegetables like peppers, courgette, romaine or butterhead lettuce. Limit high-calcium foods like spinach and parsley, and provide plenty of fresh water. If you notice symptoms, seek veterinary help immediately.

 

6. Gastrointestinal (GI) Stasis

GI stasis is a condition where the guinea pig’s digestive system slows down or stops. This can occur due to stress, pain, or an inappropriate diet.

Symptoms of GI stasis include:

•Lack of appetite.

•Small, dry, or no droppings.

•A bloated or hard abdomen.

 

Prevent GI stasis by providing a fibre-rich diet with unlimited hay and fresh vegetables. Encourage your guinea pig to stay active and minimise stress in their environment. If you notice symptoms, seek urgent veterinary care, as this condition can be life-threatening.

 

7. Pododermatitis (Bumblefoot)

Pododermatitis, commonly known as bumblefoot, is an inflammatory condition affecting a guinea pig’s feet. It is often caused by dirty cages, rough surfaces, or obesity.

Signs of bumblefoot include:

•Red, swollen, or sore feet.

•Difficulty walking or standing.

•Open sores or scabs on the feet.

To prevent bumblefoot, keep your guinea pig’s cage clean and provide soft bedding like fleece liners. Ensure your pet maintains a healthy weight through proper diet and exercise.

8. Obesity

Obesity is a growing problem for pet guinea pigs. It can lead to many health issues, including joint pain, heart disease, and bumblefoot.

Signs of obesity include:

•Difficulty moving or reduced activity.

•Fat deposits around the abdomen.

Prevent obesity by providing a balanced diet with limited pellets and plenty of hay and fresh vegetables. In addition to a spacious cage, ensure your guinea pig has space to run and exercise daily during floor time.

9. Heatstroke

Guinea pigs are highly sensitive to heat and can quickly develop heatstroke in warm weather.

Symptoms of heatstroke include:

•Panting or drooling.

•Lethargy or collapse.

•Bright red or pale gums.

 

Prevent heatstroke by keeping your guinea pig’s living area cool, especially during summer. Use indirect fans or frozen water bottles wrapped in towels to lower the temperature.

Conclusion

Caring for a guinea pig requires attention to their health and well-being. Regular check-ups, a clean environment, and a balanced diet are vital for preventing many common health problems in guinea pigs. Always monitor your guinea pigs for changes in behaviour or appearance, and don’t hesitate to consult a vet if you’re concerned. With proper care, your guinea pigs can live a happy and healthy life for many years.